Sourate At-Tawba · سُوْرَةُ التَّوْبَةِ · Juz 11

Q 9:120

مَا كَانَ لِأَهْلِ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُم مِّنَ ٱلْأَعْرَابِ أَن يَتَخَلَّفُوا۟ عَن رَّسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَرْغَبُوا۟ بِأَنفُسِهِمْ عَن نَّفْسِهِۦ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌ وَلَا نَصَبٌ وَلَا مَخْمَصَةٌ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَطَـُٔونَ مَوْطِئًا يَغِيظُ ٱلْكُفَّارَ وَلَا يَنَالُونَ مِنْ عَدُوٍّ نَّيْلًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُم بِهِۦ عَمَلٌ صَـٰلِحٌ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ

Traductions

Il n'appartient pas aux habitants de Médine, ni aux Bédouins qui sont autour d'eux, de traîner loin derrière le Messager d'Allah, ni de préférer leur propre vie à la sienne. Car ils n'éprouveront ni soif, ni fatigue, ni faim dans le sentier d'Allah, ils ne fouleront aucune terre en provoquant la colère des infidèles, et n'obtiendront aucun avantage sur un ennemi, sans qu'il ne leur soit écrit pour cela une bonne action. En vérité Allah ne laisse pas perdre la récompense des bienfaiteurs.

Muhammad Hamidullah · FR

It was not [proper] for the people of Madinah and those surrounding them of the bedouins that they remain behind after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allah or that they prefer themselves over his self. That is because they are not afflicted by thirst or fatigue or hunger in the cause of Allah, nor do they tread on any ground that enrages the disbelievers, nor do they inflict upon an enemy any infliction but that is registered for them as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allah does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good.

Sahih International · EN

Tafsir

Il ne convient pas aux habitants de Médine ni aux bédouins des alentours de rester en retrait alors que le Messager d’Allah sort lui-même combattre. Il ne leur convient pas non plus d’avoir plus peur pour leurs propres personnes que pour le Prophète. Il leur incombe plutôt de sacrifier leurs propres personnes plutôt que d’attendre du Prophète qu’il sacrifie la sienne pour eux. La raison en est que lorsqu’ils endurent la soif, la fatigue et la faim pour la cause d’Allah, provoquent la colère des mécréants en traversant un pays, tuent leurs ennemis, les capturent, saisissent leurs biens en guise de butin et les vainquent, cela leur est compté comme la récompense d’une bonne œuvre qu’Allah accepte d’eux. Allah ne rend pas vaine la rétribution des bienfaisants mais la leur remet intégralement et leur ajoute même un surplus.

Al-Mukhtasar fi Tafsir al-Quran · Tafsir Center for Quranic Studies

Lire Ibn Kathir (Ibn Kathir (abrégé, en anglais))

It was neither befitting for the people of Al-Madinah and the bedouins of the neighborhood to remain behind Allah's Messenger nor to prefer their own lives to his life. That is because they suffer neither Zama' nor Nasab, nor Makhmasah in the cause of Allah, nor did they take any step to raise the anger of disbelievers nor inflict any injury upon an enemy, but is written to their credit as a deed of righteousness. Surely, Allah wastes not the reward of the doers of good (120) Rewards of Jihad Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, criticizes the people of Al-Madinah and the bedouins around it, who did not participate in the battle of Tabuk with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They sought to preserve themselves rather than comfort the Messenger ﷺ during the hardship that he suffered in that battle. They incurred a loss in their share of the reward, since, لَا يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌ (they suffer neither 'Ẓama''), thirst, وَلَا نَصَبٌ (nor 'Naşab'), fatigue, وَلَا مَخْمَصَةٌ (nor 'Makhmaşah'), hunger, وَلَا يَطَئُونَ مَوْطِئًا يَغِيظُ الْكُفَّارَ (nor they take any step to raise the anger of disbelievers), by strategies of war that would terrify their enemy, وَلَا يَنَالُونَ (nor inflict), a defeat on the enemy, إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُم (but is written to their credit) as compensation for these steps that are not under their control, but a consequence of performing good deeds that earn them tremendous rewards, إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (Surely, Allah wastes not the reward of the doers of good.) Allah said in a similar Ayah, إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجْرَ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ عَمَلًا (Certainly We shall not make the reward of anyone who does his (righteous) deeds in the most perfect manner to be lost)

Texte arabe : Tanzil (uthmani). Traductions : Muhammad Hamidullah (fr), Sahih International (en). tanzil.net