Et lorsque Nous te disions que ton Seigneur cerne tous les gens (par Sa puissance et Son savoir). Quant à la vision que Nous t'avons montrée, Nous ne l'avons faite que pour éprouver les gens, tout comme l'arbre maudit mentionné dans le Coran. Nous les menaçons, mais cela ne fait qu'augmenter leur grande transgression.
Muhammad Hamidullah · FR
And [remember, O Muhammad], when We told you, "Indeed, your Lord has encompassed the people." And We did not make the sight which We showed you except as a trial for the people, as was the accursed tree [mentioned] in the Qur'an. And We threaten them, but it increases them not except in great transgression.
Sahih International · EN
Tafsir
Ô Messager, rappelle-toi lorsque Nous t’avons dit: Comme Allah cerne par Son pouvoir tous les gens, ils sont ainsi sous Son emprise et Il les empêchera de t’atteindre. Transmets donc sans crainte ce qui t’a été ordonné de transmettre. En ce qui concerne ce que Nous t’avons fait voir la nuit du Voyage Nocturne (`al-`isrâ`u), cela n’avait comme finalité que d’éprouver les gens: y accorderont-ils du crédit ou le démentiront-ils? De même, Nous avons fait de l’arbre maudit d’Az-Zaqqûm, dont le Coran dit qu’il pousse au fond de l’Enfer, une épreuve adressée aux gens. S’ils ne croient pas en ces deux signes, ils ne croiront pas en d’autres, sachant que Nous les menaçons en leur envoyant des signes, mais plus on les menace et plus ils s’obstinent dans la mécréance et l’égarement.
Al-Mukhtasar fi Tafsir al-Quran · Tafsir Center for Quranic StudiesLire Ibn Kathir (Ibn Kathir (abrégé, en anglais))
And (remember) when We told you: "Verily, your Lord has encompassed mankind." And We made not the vision which We showed you but a trial for mankind, and (likewise) the accursed tree in the Qur'an. We warn and make them afraid but it only increases them in naught save great disbelief, oppression and disobedience to Allah (60)
Allah has encompassed Mankind and made the Vision of His Prophet a Trial for Them
Allah says to His Messenger ﷺ, encouraging him to convey the Message and informing him that He is protecting him from the people, that He is able to deal with them and that they are in His grasp and under His domination and control.
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لَكَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ أَحَاطَ بِالنَّاسِ
(And (remember) when We told you: "Verily, your Lord has encompassed mankind..") Mujahid, 'Urwah bin Az-Az-Zubayr, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and others said, "This means, He protected you from them."
وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاكَ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِّلنَّاسِ
(And We made not the vision which We showed you but a trial for mankind,) Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn 'Abbas said:
وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاكَ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِّلنَّاسِ
(And We made not the vision which We showed you but a trial for mankind,) "This is the vision which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw with his own eyes on the night when he was taken on the Night Journey (Al-Isra').
وَالشَّجَرَةَ الْمَلْعُونَةَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ
(and (likewise) the accursed tree in the Quran.) refers to the Tree of Zaqqum." This was also recorded by Ahmad, 'Abdur-Razzaq and others. It was also reported by Al-'Awfi from Ibn 'Abbas.
It was also interpreted as referring to the Night of the Isra' by Mujahid, Sa'id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Masruq, Ibrahim, Qatadah, 'Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd and several others. We have already quoted at length a comprehensive collection of Hadith about the Isra' at the beginning of this Surah, praise be to Allah. We have also already stated that some people gave up their Islam after they had been following the truth, because their hearts and minds could not comprehend that, and they denied what their knowledge could not grasp, but Allah caused it to increase and strengthen the faith of others, and so He says:
إِلَّا فِتْنَةً
(but a trial), meaning a test. As for the cursed tree, this is the Tree of Zaqqum. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ told them that he had seen Paradise and Hell, and seen the Tree of Zaqqum, they did not believe that, and Abu Jahl, upon whom be the curses of Allah, even said, "Bring us some dates and butter," and he started eating them and saying, "Let us have some Zaqqum, we don't know any other Zaqqum but this." This was narrated by Ibn 'Abbas, Masruq, Abu Malik, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and others. Everyone who interpreted the Ayah to refer to the Night of the Isra', also interpreted it to refer to the Tree of Zaqqum.
وَنُخَوِّفُهُمْ
([We] make them afraid) meaning, 'We make the disbelievers afraid with Our warnings and punishments and torment.'
فَمَا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلَّا طُغْيَانًا كَبِيرًا
(but it only increases them in naught save great disbelief, oppression and disobedience to Allah.) means, it only pushes them further into their disbelief and misguidance, and this is because Allah has forsaken them.
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ قَالَ أَأَسْجُدُ لِمَنْ خَلَقْتَ طِينًا - قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَكَ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كَرَّمْتَ عَلَيَّ لَئِنْ أَخَّرْتَنِ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لَأَحْتَنِكَنَّ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
Texte arabe : Tanzil (uthmani). Traductions : Muhammad Hamidullah (fr), Sahih International (en). tanzil.net