Dis: «Voyez-vous vos associés que vous invoquez en dehors d'Allah? Montrez-moi ce qu'ils ont créé de la terre. Ont-ils été associés à la création des cieux? Ou leur avons-Nous apporté un Livre qui contienne des preuves [pour ce qu'ils font?]» Non! Mais ce n'est qu'en tromperie que les injustes se font des promesses les uns aux autres.
Muhammad Hamidullah · FR
Say, "Have you considered your 'partners' whom you invoke besides Allah? Show me what they have created from the earth, or have they partnership [with Him] in the heavens? Or have We given them a book so they are [standing] on evidence therefrom? [No], rather, the wrongdoers do not promise each other except delusion."
Sahih International · EN
Tafsir
Ô Messager, dis à ces polythéistes: Dites-Moi, quelle partie de la Terre les associés que vous adorez ont-ils créée ? Ont-ils créé ses montagnes, ses fleuves ou ses animaux ? Ou alors, sont-ils associés à Allah dans la création des Cieux ? Leur avons-Nous donné un Livre contenant la preuve de la validité de l’adoration qu’ils vouent à leurs associés ? Aucune réponse à ces questions n’est affirmative. Par leur mécréance et leurs péchés, les injustes ne se font les uns aux autres que des promesses trompeuses.
Al-Mukhtasar fi Tafsir al-Quran · Tafsir Center for Quranic StudiesLire Ibn Kathir (Ibn Kathir (abrégé, en anglais))
Say: "Have you considered your partners whom you call upon besides Allah? Show Me, what they have created of the earth. Or have they any share in the heavens? Or have We given them a Book, so that they act on clear proof therefrom? Nay, the wrongdoers promise one another nothing but delusions. (40)Verily, Allah grasps the heavens and the earth lest they should move away from their places, and if they were to move away from their places, there is not one that could grasp them after Him. Truly, He is Ever Most Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving (41)
The Helplessness of the false gods and the Power of Allah
Allah tells His Messenger ﷺ to say to the idolators:
أَرَأَيْتُمْ شُرَكَاءَكُمُ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ
(Have you considered your partners whom you call upon besides Allah?) the idols and rivals.
أَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقُوا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ
(Show Me what they have created of the earth. Or have they any share in the heavens?) meaning, they have nothing at all of that, they do not possess even the membrane covering the stone of a date.
أَمْ آتَيْنَاهُمْ كِتَابًا فَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَتٍ مِنْهُ
(Or have We given them a Book, so that they act on clear proof therefrom?) meaning, 'have We revealed to them a Book on which they base their Shirk and disbelief?' This is not the case at all.
بَلْ إِنْ يَعِدُ الظَّالِمُونَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا إِلَّا غُرُورًا
(Nay, the wrongdoers promise one another nothing but delusions.) means, they are merely following their own whims, opinions and wishes which are their personal desires, and they are no more than misguidance and falsehood.
Then Allah tells us of His mighty power, by which the heavens and the earth stand by His command, and the forces that He has placed between them to hold them. He says:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُمْسِكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ أَنْ تَزُولَا ۚ
(Verily, Allah grasps the heavens and the earth lest they should move away from their places,) means, lest they should shift from where they are. This is like the Ayat:
وَيُمْسِكُ السَّمَاءَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ
(He withholds the heaven from falling on the earth except by His leave)(22:65), and
وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ بِأَمْرِهِ ۚ
(And among His signs is that the heaven and the earth stand by His command)(30:25).
وَلَئِنْ زَالَتَا إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ ۚ
(and if they were to move away from their places, there is not one that could grasp them after Him.) means, no one can make them stay and preserve them except Him. He is Ever Most Forbearing and Oft-Forgiving because He sees His servants disbelieving in Him and disobeying Him, yet He is patient and gives them time, He waits and does not hasten the punishment, and He conceals the faults of others and forgives them. He says:
إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا
(Truly, He is Ever Most Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving.)
Texte arabe : Tanzil (uthmani). Traductions : Muhammad Hamidullah (fr), Sahih International (en). tanzil.net