Sourate Al-Israa · سُوْرَةُ الإِسۡرَاءِ · Juz 15

Q 17:33

وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا۟ ٱلنَّفْسَ ٱلَّتِى حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا بِٱلْحَقِّ ۗ وَمَن قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِۦ سُلْطَـٰنًا فَلَا يُسْرِف فِّى ٱلْقَتْلِ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ مَنصُورًا

Traductions

Et, sauf en droit, ne tuez point la vie qu'Allah a rendu sacrée. Quiconque est tué injustement, alors Nous avons donné pouvoir à son proche [parent]. Que celui-ci ne commette pas d'excès dans le meurtre, car il est déjà assisté (par la loi).

Muhammad Hamidullah · FR

And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right. And whoever is killed unjustly - We have given his heir authority, but let him not exceed limits in [the matter of] taking life. Indeed, he has been supported [by the law].

Sahih International · EN

Tafsir

N’attentez pas à une vie qu’Allah a rendue inviolable, parce que croyante ou protégée par un pacte, coupable d’apostasie, d’adultère ou d’homicide volontaire et donc mérite la mort. Par ailleurs, Nous avons donné au représentant et à l’héritier de celui qui a injustement et sans raison été tué, rendant licite l’exécution du tueur, le pouvoir de décider du sort du meurtrier. Il peut ainsi réclamer qu’il soit exécuté en application de la peine du talion, lui pardonner sans rien réclamer en échange ou lui pardonner contre la remise du prix du sang. Le représentant de la victime ne doit pas aller outre ce qui lui a été permis par Allah, comme mutiler le cadavre du meurtrier par exemple, le tuer d’une manière autre que celle dont il a tué sa victime ou exécuter quelqu’un d’autre à la place du coupable. Qu’il ne commette pas cela car la loi religieuse est de son côté et le soutient.

Al-Mukhtasar fi Tafsir al-Quran · Tafsir Center for Quranic Studies

Lire Ibn Kathir (Ibn Kathir (abrégé, en anglais))

And do not kill anyone whose killing Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause. And whoever is killed wrongfully (not by mistake), We have given his heir the authority. But let him not exceed limits in the matter of taking life. Verily, he is helped (33) Prohibition of Unlawful Killing Allah forbids killing with no legitimate reason. It was reported in the Two Sahihs that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِىءٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ: النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ، وَالزَّانِي الْمُحْصَنُ، وَالتَّارِكُ لِدِينِهِ الْمُفَارِقُ لِلْجَمَاعَةِ (The blood of a Muslim who bears witness to La ilaha illallah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, is not permissible (to be shed) except in three cases: a soul for a soul (i.e., in the case of murder), an adulterer who is married, and a person who leaves his religion and deserts the Jama'ah.) The following is recorded in the books of the Sunan: لَزَوَالُ الدُّنْيَا عِنْدَ اللهِ أَهْوَنُ مِنْ قَتْلِ مُسْلِمٍ (If the world were to be destroyed, it would be of less importance to Allah than the killing of a Muslim.) وَمَن قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا (And whoever is killed wrongfully, We have given his heir the authority.) The authority is over the killer. The heir has the choice; if he wishes, he may have him killed in retaliation, or he may forgive him in return for the payment of the Diyah (blood money), or he may forgive him with no payment, as is reported in the Sunnah. The great scholar and Imam Ibn 'Abbas understood from the general meaning of this Ayah that Mu'awiyah should take power, because he was the heir of 'Uthman, who had been killed wrongfully, may Allah be pleased with him, and Mu'awiyah did eventually take power, as Ibn 'Abbas said on the basis of this Ayah. This is one of the stranger of matters. فَلَا يُسْرِف فِّي الْقَتْلِ (But let him not exceed limits in the matter of taking life.) They said: this means the heir should not go to extremes in killing the killer, such as mutilating the body or taking revenge on persons other than the killer. إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنصُورًا (Verily, he is helped.) means, the heir is helped against the killer by the Shari'ah and by divine decree.

Texte arabe : Tanzil (uthmani). Traductions : Muhammad Hamidullah (fr), Sahih International (en). tanzil.net