Encyclopedia · Companions
Umar ibn al-Khattab
عمر بن الخطاب
Umar ibn al-Khattab was a Companion of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) who narrated several hadith and was involved in significant events during the early Islamic period, including the expulsion of Jews and Christians from the Hijaz and the distribution of Khaibar's lands.
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Narrations from Umar
Umar bin Al-Khattab reported that the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Actions are to be judged only by intentions and a man will have only what he intended.'1 Umar bin Al-Khattab narrated that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever performs Wudu, making Wudu well, then says: I testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah Alone, there are no partners for Him. And I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O Allah! Make me among the repentant, and make me among those who purify themselves. Then eight gates of Paradise are opened for him, that may enter by whichever of them he wishes.'2 Umar bin Al-Khattab narrated that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) would talk during the night with Abu Bakr about matters concerning the Muslims while Umar was with them.3
Rulings and Practices
Umar bin Al-Khattab said that during the battle of Badr, the Prophet (ﷺ) took ransom, and thereupon Allah Most High sent down verses indicating that it is not fitting for an Apostle to have prisoners of war until he has thoroughly subdued the land.4 Umar bin Al-Khattab expelled all the Jews and Christians from the land of Hijaz.5 During the last period of Umar's caliphate, he used to give a drunk forty lashes; and when drunks became mischievous and disobedient, he used to scourge them eighty lashes.6
Interactions with the Prophet (ﷺ)
Umar bin Al-Khattab heard Hisham bin Al-Hakim reciting Surat Al-Furqan in different ways which Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had not taught him, and Umar was about to confront him during his prayer.7 Umar bin Al-Khattab gave a horse as alms in the way of Allah, and when he found it being sold and intended to buy it, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) told him not to buy it and not to take back his sadaqah.8,9 The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) found Umar al-Khattab swearing by his father and said: 'Allah forbids you to swear by forefathers. If anyone swears, he must swear by Allah or keep silence.'10
Caliphate and Legacy
During the caliphate of Umar, he distributed the lands and trees of Khaibar, and gave option to the wives of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) to earmark for themselves the land and water or stick to the wasqs (that they got) every year.11 The practice of observing night prayer in Ramadan individually continued during the caliphate of Abu Bakr and in the early days of Umar's Caliphate.12,13 The threefold divorce during the time of the Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr, and during the early part of Umar's Caliphate, used to be counted as one divorce.14
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