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Surah At-Tawba · سُوْرَةُ التَّوْبَةِ · Juz 10

Q 9:8

كَيْفَ وَإِن يَظْهَرُوا۟ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا يَرْقُبُوا۟ فِيكُمْ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً ۚ يُرْضُونَكُم بِأَفْوَٰهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَىٰ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَـٰسِقُونَ

Translations

How [can there be a treaty] while, if they gain dominance over you, they do not observe concerning you any pact of kinship or covenant of protection? They satisfy you with their mouths, but their hearts refuse [compliance], and most of them are defiantly disobedient.
Sahih International · EN
Comment donc! Quand ils triomphent de vous, ils ne respectent à votre égard, ni parenté ni pacte conclu. Ils vous satisfont de leurs bouches, tandis que leurs cœurs se refusent; et la plupart d'entre eux sont des pervers.
Muhammad Hamidullah · FR

Tafsir

How can they have a treaty with you and an assurance of protection when they are your enemies? If they gain the upper hand over you they will not be mindful of Allah in relation to you, nor will they respect any relationship or any treaty. Instead, they will impose the worst punishment on you. They please you with fancy speech uttered by their tongues, but their hearts do not agree with their tongues. They will not fulfil what they promise and most of them deviate from following Allah by breaking the treaty.

Al-Mukhtasar fi Tafsir al-Quran · Tafsir Center for Quranic Studies
Read Ibn Kathir (Ibn Kathir (abridged, English))
How? When if you are overpowered by them, they regard not the ties, either of kinship, ('Ill') or of covenant (Dhimmah)? With their mouths they please you, but their hearts are averse to you, and most of them are rebellious (8) Allah encourages the believers to show enmity to the idolators and to dissociate from them, affirming that they do not deserve to enjoy a covenant of peace, because of their Shirk in Allah and disbelief in Allah's Messenger ﷺ. If these disbelievers have a chance to defeat Muslims, they will cause great mischief, leave nothing unharmed, disregard the ties of kinship and the sanctity of their vows. 'Ali bin Abi Talhah, 'Ikrimah and Al-'Awfi narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said, "'Ill' means kinship, while, Dhimmah means covenant." Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said similarly.

Arabic text: Tanzil (Uthmani). Translations: Sahih International (en), Muhammad Hamidullah (fr). tanzil.net