Surah Al-Kahf · سُوْرَةُ الْكَهْفِ · Juz 15
Q 18:55
وَمَا مَنَعَ ٱلنَّاسَ أَن يُؤْمِنُوٓا۟ إِذْ جَآءَهُمُ ٱلْهُدَىٰ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ رَبَّهُمْ إِلَّآ أَن تَأْتِيَهُمْ سُنَّةُ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ ٱلْعَذَابُ قُبُلًا
Translations
And nothing has prevented the people from believing when guidance came to them and from asking forgiveness of their Lord except that there [must] befall them the [accustomed] precedent of the former peoples or that the punishment should come [directly] before them.Qu'est-ce qui a donc empêché les gens de croire, lorsque le guide leur est venu, ainsi que de demander pardon à leur Seigneur, si ce n'est qu'ils veulent subir le sort des Anciens, ou se trouver face à face avec le châtiment.Tafsir
Nothing prevented the obstinate disbelievers from having faith in what Muhammad (peace be upon him) brought from his Lord. Lack of explanation did not prevent them from seeking Allah’s forgiveness for their sins, for many examples were given to them in the Qur’ān and clear proofs came to them. The only thing that prevented them was their stubborn request for the punishment of the previous communities to be imposed on them and for them to see the punishment that they were promised.
Read Ibn Kathir (Ibn Kathir (abridged, English))
And nothing prevents men from believing, while the guidance has come to them, and from asking forgiveness of their Lord, except that the ways of the ancients be repeated with them, or the torment be brought to them face to face (55)And We send not the Messengers except as bearers of good news and warners. But those who disbelieve, argue with falsehood, in order to refute the truth thereby. And they take My Ayat and that which they are warned for jest (56)
The Rebellion of the Disbelievers
Allah tells us about the rebellion of the disbelievers in ancient times and in more recent times, and how they rejected the obvious truth even when they witnessed clear signs and proofs. Nothing stopped them from following the truth except their demand to witness with their own eyes the punishment which they were being warned about. As some of them said to their Prophet:
فَأَسْقِطْ عَلَيْنَا كِسَفًا مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ
(So cause a piece of the heaven to fall on us, if you are of the truthful!)[26:187], Others said:
ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ
(Bring Allah's torment upon us if you are one of the truthful.)[29:29] The Quraysh said:
اللَّهُمَّ إِن كَانَ هَٰذَا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِندِكَ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنَا حِجَارَةً مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ أَوِ ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
(O Allah! If this is indeed the truth from You, then rain down stones on us from the sky or bring upon us a painful torment.)[8:32]
وَقَالُوا يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِي نُزِّلَ عَلَيْهِ الذِّكْرُ إِنَّكَ لَمَجْنُونٌ - لَّوْ مَا تَأْتِينَا بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ
(And they say: "O you to whom the Reminder has been sent down! Verily, you are a mad man! Why do you not bring angels to us if you are of the truthful?")[15:6-7]. There are other Ayat refering to the same thing. Then Allah says:
إِلَّا أَن تَأْتِيَهُمْ سُنَّةُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
(except that the ways of the ancients be repeated with them,) meaning, their overwhelming punishment, destroying every last one of them.
أَوْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ قُبُلًا
(or the torment be brought to them face to face.) they see it with their own eyes, being directly confronted with it. Then Allah says:
وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ
(And We send not the Messengers except as bearers of good news and warners.) before the punishment they give good news to those who believe in them and follow them, and warnings to those who reject them and oppose them. Then Allah tells us about the disbelievers who argue:
بِالْبَاطِلِ لِيُدْحِضُوا بِهِ الْحَقَّ
(with falsehood, in order to refute the truth thereby.) they try to weaken the truth that the Messengers brought, but they cannot achieve that.
وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي وَمَا أُنذِرُوا هُزُوًا
(And they take My Ayat and that which they are warned for jest!) they take the proof, evidence and miracles sent with the Messengers to warn them, and make them fear the punishment;
هُزُوًا
(as a jest and mockery) and they make fun of them, which is the worst type of disbelief.
Arabic text: Tanzil (Uthmani). Translations: Sahih International (en), Muhammad Hamidullah (fr). tanzil.net