سنن أبي داود 4695

Yahya b. Ya`mur said :The first to speak on Divine decree in al-Basrah was Ma`bad al Juhani. I and Humaid b. `Abd al-Rahman al-Himyari proceeded to perform Hajj or `Umrah. We said : would that we meet any of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) so that we could ask him about what they say with regard to divine decree. So Allah helped us to meet `Abd Allah b. `Umar who was entering the mosque. So I and my companion surrounded him, and I thought that my companion would entrust me the task of speaking to him. Then I said : Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman, there appeared on our side some people who recite the Qur'an and are engaged in the hair-splitting of knowledge. They conceive that there is no Divine decree and everything happens freely without predestination. He said : When you meet those people, tell them that I am free from them, and they are free from me. By Him by Whom swears ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umar, if one of them has gold equivalent to Uhud and he spends it, Allah will not accept it from him until he believes in Divine decree. He then said : ‘Umar b. Khattab transmitted to me a tradition, saying : One day when we were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) a man with very white clothing and very black hair came up to us. No mark of travel was visible on him, and we did not recognize him. Sitting down beside the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), leaning his knees against his and placing his hands on his thighs, he said : tell me, Muhammad, about Islam. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said : Islam means that you should testify that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is Allah’s Apostle, that you should observe prayer, pay Zakat, fast during Ramadan, and perform Hajj to the house (i.e., Ka`bah), If you have the means to go. He said : You have spoken the truth. We were surprised at his questioning him and then declaring that he spoke the truth. He said : Now tell me about faith. He replied : It means that you should believe in Allah, his angels, his Books, his Apostles and the last day, and that you should believe in the decreeing both of good and evil. He said : You have spoken the truth. He said : now tell me about doing good (ihsan). He replied: It means that you should worship Allah as though you are seeing him; if you are not seeing him, he is seeing you. He said: Now tell me about the hour. He replied : The one who is asked about it is no better informed than the one who is asking. He said : Then tell me about its signs. He replied : That a maidservant should beget her mistress, and that you should see barefooted, naked, poor men and shepherds exalting themselves in buildings. ‘Umar said : He then went away, and I waited for three days, then he said : Do you know who the questioner was, `Umar? I replied : Allah and his Apostle know best. He said : He was Gabriel who came to you to teach you your religion

Rapporté par Yahya b. Ya’mur رضي الله عنه : Le premier à parler du destin divin à Bassorah fut Ma’bad al-Juhani. Moi et Humaid b. ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Himyari sommes partis pour accomplir le Hajj ou la ‘Umrah. Nous avons dit : « Si seulement nous pouvions rencontrer un Compagnon du Messager d’Allah ﷺ pour lui demander ce qu’il pense du destin. » Allah nous a permis de rencontrer ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umar alors qu’il entrait dans la mosquée. Nous l’avons entouré, et j’ai pensé que mon compagnon me laisserait parler. J’ai dit : « Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman, chez nous, certains lisent le Coran et discutent longuement de la science. Ils pensent qu’il n’y a pas de destin et que tout arrive sans prédestination. » Il a répondu : « Quand tu rencontres ces gens, dis-leur que je suis innocent d’eux et qu’ils sont innocents de moi. Par Celui par qui ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umar jure, si l’un d’eux possédait de l’or équivalent à la montagne d’Uhud et le dépensait, Allah ne l’accepterait pas de lui tant qu’il ne croit pas au destin. » Puis il a dit : ‘Umar b. Khattab m’a transmis une tradition, disant : « Un jour, alors que nous étions avec le Messager d’Allah ﷺ, un homme vêtu de blanc, aux cheveux très noirs, est venu vers nous. Aucun signe de voyage n’était visible sur lui, et nous ne le connaissions pas. Il s’est assis près du Messager d’Allah ﷺ, a collé ses genoux contre les siens et a posé ses mains sur ses cuisses. Il a dit : “Parle-moi de l’Islam.” Le Messager d’Allah ﷺ a dit : “L’Islam, c’est témoigner qu’il n’y a pas d’autre dieu qu’Allah et que Muhammad est le Messager d’Allah, accomplir la prière, donner la zakat, jeûner pendant Ramadan et faire le Hajj à la Maison (la Ka’bah) si tu en as les moyens.” Il a dit : “Tu as dit vrai.” Nous étions étonnés qu’il l’interroge et confirme ensuite ses réponses. Il a dit : “Parle-moi de la foi.” Il a répondu : “C’est croire en Allah, en Ses anges, en Ses Livres, en Ses Messagers, au Jour dernier, et croire au destin, qu’il soit bon ou mauvais.” Il a dit : “Tu as dit vrai.” Il a dit : “Parle-moi de la bienfaisance (ihsan).” Il a répondu : “C’est adorer Allah comme si tu Le voyais ; et si tu ne Le vois pas, Lui te voit.” Il a dit : “Parle-moi de l’Heure.” Il a répondu : “Celui qui est interrogé n’en sait pas plus que celui qui interroge.” Il a dit : “Parle-moi alors de ses signes.” Il a répondu : “Qu’une servante donne naissance à sa maîtresse, et que tu voies des hommes pieds nus, nus, pauvres, bergers, rivaliser dans la construction de bâtiments.” ‘Umar a dit : “Il est parti, et j’ai attendu trois jours, puis il a dit : ‘Sais-tu qui était l’interrogateur, ‘Umar ?’ J’ai répondu : ‘Allah et Son Messager savent mieux.’ Il a dit : ‘C’était Gabriel, venu vous enseigner votre religion.’ ” »